Mining in Sudbury

A/  Mining in Sudbury has changed the weather, destroyed vegetation, stained rocks and polluted the water.

B/  the superstack is a giant chimney (2nd tallest in the world) on top of the Sudbury nucle smelting operation (largest nickel smelt in the world).   The superstack has improved the ecological damage in Sudbury by placing the pollution so high in the air.  Thus hasn't gotten rid of or reduced the pollution, just spread it over a wider area.

C/ Human activity has fine a lot if damage to Sudbury such as: deforestation,an inevitable near-total loss of native vegetation,exposed rocky outcrops, which have been permanently stained charcoal black, first by the pollution wafting over the decades from the roasting yards then by the acid rain that goes 3 inches into the once pink granite.

D/  NASA sent astronauts to train in Sudbury because of geology (not moonscape). approximately 1.87 billion years ago, a cataclysmic event occurred in the Sudbury area.

A gigantic meteorite travelling at around Mach 100, slammed into the Earth with the impact force equivalent to several billion tons of TNT.

D/ Human activity has never improved the environment.  

E/ Other species use only resources necessary and sustainable within the area they live.  Humans (because of capitalism) now use excessive resources to have unnedded luxuries, through extraction, and consumption.  Before capitalism humans didn't do this.  

Other species don't use fossil fuels, natural gases, minerals or gem stones.  They harvest/ hunt just what is needed and what us supplied on the top of the earth.  

Humans have destroyed 60% more plant and animal species and land then all other species and geological events of the earths history combined

Humans go about taking and changing the earth without ever worrying about what it will mean.  Because of this we always see the damage when it's too late. 

Electrical charges

1/ Two kinds of electrical charges are negative charges and positive charges

2/ The law of electrical charges: like charges repel one another, unlike charges attract one another, charged objects attract neutral objects.

3/ Electrostatics refers to electric charges that are stationary or at rest.  Friction causes electrons to get knocked off one material and transferred to the other material.  Because one object now has less electrons then protons, it is negatively charged.  Contact charges involves a charged object making direct contact  with a neutral object.  If the neutral object is negative, electrons can flow into the neutral object, the neutral object becomes negatively charged

4/ Conductors, such as  metals are substances that allow charges to move freely through the object.  Conductors allow electrical charge.  Insulators such as Mon metals are substances that do not allow charged to move freely through the object.  Insulators can protect people from being electrocuted.

War Crimes

I believe Hitler and the Nazi Germany succeed in committing genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity because the westernized world was racist.  Hitler's ideas about minorities and Jews were not a secret (even through concentration camps were).  Everyone knew when he was elected that he wanted a racially pure Germany, and that he blamed Jews the most.  The Problem was most other upper class / midread
class citizens in Europe and America felt the same way. PM King knew Hitler was persecuting Jews, and others but still decided to keep Jewish refugees to a minimum (pre war).  He didn't want to "create an internal problem in an effort to meet an international one".   No one cared about stopping Hitler till he invaded France, till they were worried he would do the same to them.  The only way to protect a people from genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity is to protect everyone from it.  If one loses their freedom, we all risk losing our freedom.

Something positive I read

1. Hitler and his wife committed suicide
2. After ww2 people started to realize racism was wrong
3. The end of ww2 brought about the concept of human Rights

Something negative I read

1. Canada's pm knew how Hitler felt about Jews, Slavs & Roma's and did nothing
2. Canada kept Jewish refugees to a minimum
3. The whole world didn't seem to care till it was to late
4. My history book doesn't consider thousands of Roma deaths genocide.  
5. Crystal night
6. Germans liked Hitler

Something interesting I read. 

1. Hitler was elected and then became a dictator

Dionne Quintuplets

A) the birth of the Dionne Quintuplets was a huge sensation because they were the first Quints to live longer then a few days.  Also they were born during the depression and people wanted entertainment

B) The Dionne Quints were for sure exploited. They were stared at and watched for public entertainment the way people watch animals at a zoo.  That's not normal. I think anyone held for public entertainment like a zoo animal, kept away from their family, would suffer personal damage.   And the money the government made from it didn't go to the Quints till they were old and fought for it and that was only a settlement.

C) I believe the decision was bigoted and classist because the Dionne's were a  poor French Canadian family in Northern Ontario.  They were stolen from their family   The government said their family couldn't look after them but were fine letting them raise their other children. They were put on display like animals.  They were used for commercials and none of this was for the benefit of the Quints or the Dionne's, it only benefit the Ontario government and the Doctor.

D)http://www.northbaychamber.com/dionne.htm  there is nothing here.

Dr Banting

Dr Banting discovered insulin. This discovery lead to a better understanding of diabetes and treatment.  He discovered insulin by reading an article on diabetes that inspired him and have him an idea.  With the help of a few partners and an under funded lab Banting idea lead to the full discovery of insulin and the treatment saved lives.  Before Banting's insulin people with diabetes died young, went blind and lost limbs.  With all the millions of people who have diabetes today, Banting is still saving lives.

D-day to V day

Something positive I read

1. A pastor was taken as a pow because he choose to be with the men who needed him most.  
2. In Denmark most Jews survived
3. The people of Denmark saved most of the Jews in thier country
4. In one camp the prisoners destroyed one if the gas chambers. 
5. A woman named Irene Vivash stated behind to finish records of dead and Mia so the families back home would have am answer.  
6. Woman like Irene Vivash did their jobs without protection. While that's negative, it's a positive that they were so brave.  
7. First atomic bomb happened. 
8. After doing something so horrible once (atomic bomb) they did it a second time.  
9. It was the Italian people who got rid of their fascist government. 

Something negative I read

1. Ally forces bombed civilian areas
2. Lots of people didn't help the Jews because they were afraid. 
3. I didn't read much about the Roma & Slav's because history just didn't seem interested in mentioning them.  Some but I wish there was more.
4. In the concentration camps people died faster then they could be burried.  
5. Slavs and Roma were used as slave labour.
6. The US didn't join the war till December 1941. 
7. Germany launched a new attack on the USSR for oil.  Is ouk always a part of war?  
8. Canada's "innovative" way of winning in Italy destroyed peoples homes. 

Something interesting I read

1. Journalists were right on the front lines during the war (in danger also)
2. Women flew planes. They were supply, not combat but still dangerous
3. Winter in the USSR defeated the German armies there. 
4. The Ally soldiers didn't know about the concentration camps beyond a few rumours. 
5. Northern Africa was invaded also.  I didn't know that.  
6. While the main ally forces took over Germany, Canada was in charge of freeing the Netherlands. 
7. They practiced the second attempbyobtake Dieppe.  How and where?  
8. The USSR wasn't originally an Ally Nation.  
9. Sweden was neutral.  How did they manage that?  What did they have to do for that? 
10. There was official war artists

Dieppe

France was occupied by Germany during WW2.  France was an Ally Nation and the other Allies very much wanted to free the French, plus it would be a great first step in defeating Germany.  The first time the attempted to invade Dieppe the Ally forces were unprepared.  The plan was to mostly send in the Canadians.  The Canadians were eager to do this as they hadn't seen combat yet.  This was a poor choice because they were not experienced fighters.  Canada lead the Allies into Dieppe August 1942.  Those who survived had fully retreated days later  It was a disaster.  Men were gunned down just getting off the boats.  The tanks were stuck on the beach.   Of the 6103 soldiers, 4963 were Canadian.  907 Canadians died, 586 were wounded & 1874 taken prisoner.  The second time the Allies invaded in June 1944 they were prepared.  They had learned valuable but costly lessons the first time.  This time they kept it secret so that Germany didn't know it was happening.  They used multiple attacks by Canadians, Americans and British.  They practiced the invasion in detail so everyone knew ecactltvwhat to do.  Many lives were lost including 359 Canadians who died, 715 wounded.   I believe the lives lost was worth it.  France was free, and the Ally forces went on to free the rest of Europe and defeat Germany.  Had that not hapoenedd who knows what world we would live in today.

Nutrient cycle

The nutrient cycle us important to help things by recycling nutrients for other living things to grow.

Decomposers get their energy by digesting wastes such as urube and the bodies of dead plants and animals

Nitrogen, water & iron are nutrients that are cyckee and used by living things

When consumers and producers die, decomposers return nutrients to the environment

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration play an important part in cycling matter like carbon and oxygen

Organisms release carbon into the environment during cellular respiration

Human activity like burning fossil fuels and clearing trees from land contribute to global warming

Algal bloom is caused by too much of a nutrient, like nitrogen, entering the aquatic environment

Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Photosynthesis: light energy + carbon dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen
Cellular respiration: glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water vapour + usable energy.

Removing all decomposers from an ecosystem would stop part of the cycle (returning nutrients) which would effect the rest of the cycle (lack of nutrients), eventually ending it.

WW 2 poster - Victory Bonds

Victory bonds were a very successful method of funding the war.  After the great success of the first two rounds selling out in 48 hours the government ran Victory Bind campaigns every 6 months. Canadians Boughy these to fund the war and keep inflation down by removing money from circulation. At the end of the bonds term you got more money back then you spent. Bug ad campaigns ley Canadians know when another victory bond sale was coming.

Abiotic and biotic

Desert.

Abiotic:

Rocks, Soil, Sun ayte abiotic because they don't grow, breathe (even the way plants do) or react.  

Biotic: 

Hawk, scorpion and cactus are biotic.  They live, breathe, grow, think and feel (except maybe plants).  

Abiotic-biotic relationship:

1/ scorpions sit in the rocks to warm up from the sun.  They all so crawl under the rocks for shade when the sun is to hot

2/ the sun and soil help the cactus grow.  And the cactus stores the rain because there isn't a lot of rain.  

Human impacts:

1/ Humans go around digging up fossil fuels like oil.  This causes air pollution effextung everything and its dangerous for animals living near the oil wells.  

2/ off roading (like 4wheelers) is popular in the desert.  This has a great impact on desert plants which are easily effected to changes in their environment. 

Terrestrial:

The desert is terrestrial because it is land based and has very little water or even rain.

Japanese Internment Camps

Journal:
My brother Jimmy and I have been "invited" to theiskanagan Valley where we would stay temporarily.  The government is calling
them "relocation centers"  but my brother and and I have an idea of what these "relocation centers" are really about.  I think most Canadian born Japanese do, but people are afraid to talk against the government.  Jimmy thinks that we'll be sent to camps similar to the ones Hitler is sending Jews too.  And I believe he us right.  I font think they will starve and torture us, but we will be prisoners.  With all the anti-Japanese marches, Jimmy and I feared that if we didn't voluntarily go, that we would be forced to leave anyway.  So we packed some things and took a train through the mountains to the Okanogan valley.  Once we arrived Jimmy, myself and other Japanese Canadians were taken hostage.  Jimmy and I knew what was happening.  Before we knew it we got sent to concentration camps like we feared along with many others.  We are making sure to stick together.

We are living in over crowded army tents.  There are just men here. We do labour. Lot harder then running the restaurant back home in Vancouver.  Hours are longer too.  No families here so I hope families like my sister's are not in tents.   I hope what they have is more decent.  We are fed rations. I am neither starving nor full.  Again I hope it it is better wherever they sent families.  I can't imagine my poor sister dealing with two small children being fed rations.

I don't know what happens when the war is over. They took our homes, our restaurant and our bank account.  It was a small home and savings but it was enough I was planning to get married.  Now I don't even know where she is or how I'll provide for her when this is over. My family has been here for 3 generations.  Longer then many of these white Canadians and now my dreams and life are gone in a flash. This war is about protecting people from racism and yet they are commuting it on Canadians.  I would have fought beside them, but I wasn't Canadian enough to them.

Laura Newton - Special Jr Citizen.

Laura participated in her community from a young age and still does.

1. Annual Dylan Carr Memorial Citizenship Aware.  A bursary in her cousins memory to help subsidize an annual donation of $200 to a student (per year) with an outstanding commitment to volunteer work within the school community
2. Design and fundraise programs for disabled children. 
3. Going to the special needs teacher and volunteering to help work with dusavked stydents
4. Gather groups of students to be involved with disabled students; reading to them, feeding then and socializing with them just as Laura did
5. Volunteering with salvation Army, easter seals and world vision 

I designed this slogan for Laura cuz whatbsge did seemed to be small (Luke a cabdke flame) but it still burns and it changes peoples lives. She vrungw hioe and candles are a symbol of hope.  

The work I do with my mom doesn't bring the daily changes Laura's does (and I don't do as much as her), but I hope it will bring long term changes.

War Criminals In Canada

Most of the war criminals from world war 2 aren't alive today because WW2 happened 70 years ago making the youngest war criminals 88 years old.  But I think Canada should have had a government department focused on finding and tracking down all war criminals within Canada or whoever came to Canada and then sending them to be tried for their war crimes.  They could have had this department interview all survivors of ww2 to help with finding war criminals and exposing what they did to the public.  This would have sent a strong message to future war criminals of other wars and it could continue now to do the same to them.  Also it could help prevent and charge any Canadian soldiers communing war crimes against victims of war and against Women soldiers because this happens to and they get away with it.  If Canada had a department and a history of publicly embarrassing and charging all war criminals (even Canadian ones) it could help stop this from happening every time there is a war and show the world Canada doesn't stand for this.  Canada could start doing this now even though it should have happened after ww2.

Key question 20

My mom is Lakota and Cajun.  She was forcibly brought to Canada through a Canadian and United States policy of cultural genocide (united nations convention against genocide article 2e) with the purpose of assimilating Native children by putting them in foster and adoptive homes.  When a family was very large or traditional the two governments would flip the babies and children over the boarder to further remove them from their culture and families and make it harder to go back.  If they did this when the baby was first born (like my mom) this would cut off either governments responsibility to the baby by taking them before their birth was registered and so not registered to receive status (Canada) or CDIB (USA).  The policy to do this ended in 1979 in the US and 1985 in Canada however the family law act has provisions that make sure it continues.  60-90% of FN children are still "scooped" today.  In Kingston thus number is 70%.  My family is in Canada due to the genocidal acts of both governments.  The social workers, lawyers and policy makers in Canada and the US should be charged for war crimes.

My dads family is Algonquin.  But like most Algonquins living in Kingston's north end, in the neighborhood right around Regi they have no ties to the Sharbot or Ardoch Algonquins.  That is because they were always in this neighborhood.  They have been written out of history and out of their nation by the government to protect the first capital.  There is one line in the city's history mentioning the Indians north of North street.  My mom and I are working with a professor and some other people to further uncover this history and get me and all my cousins to be recognized like we deserve.

Causes and impacts of the great depression

Causes of the depression and why

• Over production.  Following the roaring 20's where people were buying mass amounts if material items companies produced more then was needed, people stopped buying things (or bought less) and companies had to close. 
• Inflation.  Prices kept rising but wages didn't keep up with the cost of living so people stopped buying. 
• Credit: people were buying on credit and later couldn't keep up and buying stock on margin.  Lots of 10% down, pay rest later.  It made a bubble economy.  
• Stock market closed.  The price of stocks declined and many investors lost money, sometimes all their money.  
• Drought.  The prairies experienced a 6 year drought, crops failed, they couldn't pay bills and many farmers lost their farms.  

Impacts 

• Young people.  There wasn't any jobs left for them. Thousands ride freight trains west looking for work that didn't exist but they knew their families couldn't afford for them to stay home.
• Families didn't have the money to pay rent of homes, food, clothes and bills.  Manybof them were sent to relief camps and children were often orphaned. Meanwhile the declining standard of living made life easier for the wealthy (unless they lost their company).
• Workforce.  With men losing jobs the workforce declined greatly.  Also many started unions to protect their jobs, declining wages and fought for social assistance.  30% of the workforce was unemployed 
• Immigrant groups.  Immigration dropped while deportation rose.  Jews and Roma were fleeing Nazi Germany and many were denied immigration to Canada.  A lot of people blamed immigrants and wouldn't hire them.  
• Single Men & Women.  Single men were denied assistance and forced to relief camps were they worked for 20cents a day.  This lead to the Regina Riot.  Single women were laid off in greater numbers then men, particularly from government jobs.  Thus forced many single women back into domestic service. 
• Farmers. Many farmers lost their farms and had to move to the city, where the workforce was already in stress (no jobs).  Farmers also fought for government relief and subsidized crops and insurance. 

Post war - car poster 1920

I choose the Maxwell.  It was geared to the average buyer while many focused on bring luxury vehicles for the upper classes

Bennett vs King

Bennett:

• Worked in provincial politics before federal
• Was prime minister for 1 term
• Conservative
• Opposed socialism
• Pro conscription 
• Didn't care about opposition
• Jailed opponents
• Died and us buried in England (only Canadian pm buried outside of Canada)
• Hated by citizens

King

• Had several degrees and PHd. 
• Prime minister for several terms
• Liberal
• Pro socialism
• Against conscription
• Worked to make everyone happy
• Died and buried in Canada
• Liked by citizens

Canadian Women during WW2

During WW2 the majority of working me. Were in the war so women needed to full many of the jobs the men had been doing.

1. Childcare.  With so many women working outside the home, working Mons needed childcare.
2.  Military nurses
3. Royal Canadian Air Force, Women's division.

4. Canadian Women's Army Corp

5.  Canadian Red Cross.  Many women made bandages for prisions of war.  This helped then feel like they were helping men like their husbands.  

6.  Factory workers especially in munitions (weaopns) work.  In the states this was called Rosie the Riviter

7-10 and other regular jobs men had been doing such as drivers, cooks, and stenographers (a type of record taking like court reporters).