Mind map - growth of suburbia (forgot to upload earlier)

Suburbia 1950's

• •urban sprawl
• •commute to city for work
• •malls
• •end of mom and pop shop
• •downtown struggles
• •expanded classism
• •middle to lower class gap expands
• •capitalism expands
• •tv
• •dish washer
• •washer & dryer
• •bigger homes
• •more cars
• •rise of teens
• •rock and roll
• •soda shops

FLQ and the war measures act

The FLQ crisis, or October crisis happened in October 1970.  Many of the people of Quebec were fed up with Canada.  Some wanted to separate from Canada.  Most choose to try and do so with politics.  A small faction decided to take a more extreme approach.  They were called the FLQ.  They kidnapped a British diplomat named James Cross.

At this point PM Trudeau (Sr.) decided to inact the war measures act.  The war measures act was designed to control the people during times of war and was used during WW1 and WW2.  It strips Canadians of their rights.  You can be arrested and held in jail/prison without even being charged or having a trial.  You don't even need to break the law!  The government just has to decide that maybe you are a risk or know the wrong people or have the wrong neighbors!  The war measures act can also set curfews and have military and tanks rolling through your neighborhood.  The war measures act didn't stop the FLQ though.  Next they kidnapped provincial cabinet minister Pierre LaPorte.  Later they killed him.  Many Canadians were arrested and jailed for no reason other then fear.  I think PM Trudeau was wrong.  I think he only did this because it was one of their own.  People get kidnapped all the time and the government doesn't care this much, not till it might be them.  The War Measures act didn't stop the FLQ.  But it did take away Canadians rights and freedoms to protect the government (not the people), just as it did during WW2, when it was used against Japanese-Canadians, and during WW1 against German, Austrian & Hungarian and Turkish Canadians.

Whenever you allow the government to do this to others, you are at risk of suffering the same fascism.  I think the war measures act is always wrong.  It shouldn't be allowed to exist or be used ever.  And the risk of allowing it has become real now that we have C-51, the government can do this to people without even using the war measures act.  If people had stopped the government in 1970, maybe today we wouldn't have C-51.

Cold War

Positive things I learned:

1. Canada stood up to the US and helped China be in the UN
2. Canada stood up to the US over Cuba.
3. Cuba over threw a pro American leader, controlled by US, for US interests

Negative things I learned:

1. My history textbook doesn't know that communist countries can and have been democracies - namely the USSR. In fact it was during a referendum that elected president Gorbachev put to the people, that the people choose capitalism.  Clearly the prejudice and misinformation continues. - good thing my mom is teaching me.   *The electoral system of the Soviet Union was based upon Chapter XI of the Constitution of the Soviet Union and by the Electoral Laws enacted in conformity with it. The Constitution and laws applied to elections in all Soviets, from the Supreme Soviets of the USSR, theUnion republics and autonomous republics, through to regions, districts and towns. Voting was secret and direct via universal suffrage.^[1] (wiki).
2. People lost their rights, jobs, homes and freedom because of rumours and fear and propaganda.
3. The cold war, along with how countries like Canada viewed other countries was based on economic ideals believing only their way was right.  
4. Cuba was demonized for kicking out America and choosing Communism.  Also their leader turner out to be a dictator.
5. The US supported the south of Vietnam even though it was basically a dictatorship.  They did this because the North was communist, proving it was never about freedom, just capitalism. 

Things that surprised me:

1. Its considered a war without ever firing a weapon but people did die as the Korean war was part of the cold war. 
2. Again, same for Vietnam war. 

Quilt

My picture has the unity flag.  Canadians first became aware of it during Oka and called it the warrior flag, but its the unity flag because all warriors from all Nations will unite under it as allies.  Oka was an important event for my people, it taught us to stand up, it reminds us to keep fighting with Idle No More.  Instead of the symbol of a warrior in the center I drew a picture of my mom being held to the ground with a soldiers boot on her back and a gun at the bottom of her head.  She was only 15 and was bringing clothes, sleeping bags, food and other supplies to the warriors at Oka.  They honored her with a unity shirt.  She had to go through military and police checkpoints every time she went into Kanesatake, and this is what they did to her.  She is still very scared of police and soldiers from this but she did it every weekend anyway and she was only my age.  People like my mom had to do this because Canada wouldn't let the red cross do it.  I think my mom is a hero and represents other great Native hero's here in Canada because she was willing to support what was right even when she was scared.

Looking Back

1.  I think the three most important events of the 20th century, in Canadian history are:
• WW2; Canada decided to stand up for the human rights of Jews.  However not, people of colour because they took rights from the Japanese-Canadians.  But it was a good first atep in realizing human Rights are important.
•Meech Lake:  Elijah Harper stopped the Meech Lake accord and made sure Canada included First Nations rights in the constitution.  This has made it easier for us to fight for our rights.
•Oka: We stood up to Canada for our rights.  Canada violated laws about war by turning the military on people with Canadian citizenship and by refusing to allow aid from the red cross.  This made the UN listen more to First Nations people.
2. Lasagna: This famous picture is of the Famous Mohawk Warrior named Lasagna.  He lead our people to stand against Canada no matter how scary it was.  He risked his life and went to prison as a political prisoner to protect sacred burial land from being turned into a golf course.  He valued the well being of his people over his own life.  He showed bravery, honesty, fortitude and generosity by doing this.  In my Nation on my mom's side these are the highest values.

(This famous picture is Lasagna)

3.  Prime Minister Trudeau Sr.  He made the white paper to try and wipe out Native rights but we stopped it.  Also he brought in the war measures act during the FLQ crisis, taking away everyone's rights.
4.  •If you allow your country to take away someone's rights and freedoms like Canada did to Japanese Canadians during WW2, then you risk having your freedom taken also, like during the FLQ crisis.
•Even though Hitler happened in Germany it still is Canadian history because we joined the war and were involved.  I think we are learning the lesson now.  In my history book it only talked for a small paragraph about how Hitler became ruler of Germany.  So no one knows a lot about how that happened.  If you don't know what bad things happened in history then you might let it happen again.  Right now the USA might do the very same thing Germany did, if the US votes in Trump.  I hope they don't because I don't want to be in a war like WW2.
5.  Canada has to give First Nations our nationhood back and reconcile with our people.  If they don't then we will keep suffering and dying.  Or there might be a rebellion and that would be scary too.  Plus Canada can't keep lying and pretend they believe in human rights if they don't do this.

Key question 19&29

These aren't complete, with permission from Mr poser as my history book didnt have the information.

Canadian-America. Relations

1.  NATO.  We share responsibility for protect North America (but not Mexico).
2. Tourism. Because of the shared, peaceful boarder Canadians and Americans visit the other for most international travel
3. Free trade.  NAFTA (and soon TPP) mean we are trading partners.  This makes it easy to import and export.  Unfortunately it also means Americans have the "right" to have a certain percent of resources (water, oil, energy) expirted to them.
4. Friendly relations: as allies we are expected to support each other on many things.
5. Extradition: prisoners can be returned to the other country if requested.  This is good for Canadians in the USA prisions because we don't have the death penalty.

Similarities & differences (Canada/USA

1. Clothing:  styles of clothing are virtually the same in the USA and Canada.  Many of the brands and stores are also the same.  There are some different brands that you'll only find in US or Canada, but most are similar.

2. War.  Canadians and Americans are different on their view of wars (mostly).  Canada is more cautious, and used to only do peacekeeping up until the gulf war.  America likes to jump into wars believing they are great leaders.  Canada goes into wars when they believe it's the right thing to do.  

3. Democracy.  Both are democracies but Canada is a parliamentary democracy and the US is a representative democracy.
In the USA states are more independent then provinces and territories in Canada.
4: socialism: while Canada and the US both have social assistance, welfare and EI; Canadians believe its a human right to survive, have health care, look after the vulnerable. Canada is a socialist - capitalist country.  Many Americans have a more survival of the fittist attitude. They are a capitalist country.
5. Geography: The northern part of the USA has very similar geography to Canada but not the Canadian shield or BC rainforest. Alaskan geography is similar to the Yukon.  The southern USA has the grand canyon, deserts, and swampy gulf coast geography.  Also the USA has the smokey mountains.  The West coast of the USA has lots of volcanoes and more fault lines
6. Standard of living: is the same.  The majority of both countries is a first world country.  But many reserves and reservations are 2nd and 3rd world standards of living.
7: origins:  Both are colonial states that took land by force through war and colonialism.
8: guns: Americans believe it is a right and freedom to carry guns.  Because of this there are a lot of murders.  Canadians believe guns are a privilege.  There are a lot less murders and it is mostly with knives.
9:  Canadians believe in Nationalism and Americans are patriotic.
10: language: Americans have a higher number of accents.  Some words are different such as pop and soda, couch and sofa.  But we both understand the other.

CTRC

I think the CTRC and Canadian content is a good thing.  The United States has so much influence over what we watch and listen too and  they spend much more money on the entertainment industry. When Canadian content was introduced, Americans dominated the entertainment industry even though Canadian artists were just as big as American artists.  Most Canadian artists had to make it as Americans to become big.  And even though we are the same in many ways we are also different.  Canadian content helps small town Canadian singers like Avril Lavign (once was) get airtime in an American dominated entertainment industry.  It also brings shows like the Rick Mercier Report.  When it comes to comedy's Canada has. Different sense of humour.  One qe might lose without Canadian content.

Limiting factors

1.  Limiting factors like the ability to grow or hunt food in a desert /arctic ecosystem or the amount of water in a warm desert ecosystem are limiting factors that can effect humans

2.  An algal bloom covers the ponds surface blocking sunlight.  This prevents oxygen from being created in the water and becomes a limiting factor.

3.  Abiotic limiting factors:

• Water - everything needs water.  When water is limited it reduces the carrying capacity of plants & animals.
• Living space - an ecosystem with limited living space won't have enough room to sustain large populations
• Nutrients - limited nutrients effect plant growth which will reduce the carrying capacity for plants and then everything else (or risk starvation).
• Shelter - lack of shelter puts humans and most animals in danger from elements or predators. 
• Sunlight. - Nothing would grow and it would be cold leading to starvation, and exposure.
• Weather - bad weather can destroy habitat, food and shelter.  
• 
  

Stars

1.  A prominent group of stars, but smaller then a constellation .

2.  Vega is seen as a white star

3.  Stars range in size from red giants to blue super giants to smaller white, yellow and orange stars

4.  A constellation is a region of a few stars, within a galaxy.  A galaxy is a huge rotating collection of gas, dust, (millions) of stars as well as planets, and other celestial objects.

5.  The universe was created by a big bang which occurred about 13 billion years ago.  After the big bang, all matter was scattered into what can be thought if as fine dust or a cloud of mist which was sub atomic particles.  After the bug bang the universe expanded rapidly.  As the universe free older the objects got increasingly further apart.  Eventually, electons, proteins and neutrons were created.  These then came together to form the smallest atom (the hydrogen atom).  When enough hydrogen atoms came together, stars were formed.  These giant stars became nuclear reactors in which smaller hydrogen atoms were cooked and fused together under enormous pressure to become heavier elements.

Space

1/  stars are luminous because they create light, suns are giant balls of fire and fire makes light.

2/ mercury, Venus, earth, mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.  Pluto - dwarf planet.

3.  A sun is a giant ball of dust and gas which ignited and produces heat, light and more.  A planet is made up of smaller left over clumps of dust and gas and are not ignited.  Planets rotate around a sun.  Planets are the leftovers.  Suns impact planets but planets don't impact suns.

4/ a space probe is a spacecraft without people.  It is run by computer.  They are sent out into our solar system to take pictures and collect data and transmit it back to earth so we can learn more about parts of our solar system that ate too far sway to go to.

5/ I think space exploration is important because it's interesting and makes us imagine and realize how small we are and how unique earth is so we shouldn't destroy it.  Also it teaches us science and helps us understand the universe better.  Plus it is a liyt better to spend money on something like space (I really like space) that will educate people and teach us to dream.  That's a lot better then spending money on tarsands and war.

Teenagers

Teens in the 1960's are best known for being hippies (although not all were).  Hippies looked really different then teens had before.  They wore long hair, beads, old jeans and other things.  People thought they looked strange.  They believed in free love and were very open about sex.  They openly smoked weed and did other drugs.  They listened to rock music their parents didn't like.  They were seen as very rebellious even though every generation felt this way about teens.  The thing that was very different from other generations was they were very concerned about the politics (especially wars) going on and they protested against them.  These wars weren't like the one their parents experienced (ww2), these ones weren't about saving people.  They were just about governments.  

In many ways todays teens are similar in their pastimes and in some ways our clothes.  This is mostly because hippies changed these things in society to become the norm.  Teens today (mostly) aren't political and (mostly) don't protest.  The only teens I know who do, are like me & protest with their parents who were political teens in the 1990's.  Because of this I don't think today's teens are very rebellious at all.  I think many are disrespectful but that isn't the same thing.

New flag for Ontario

I drew the earth showing Canada and highlighted Ontario.  I looked at lots of symbols for Ontario but all of them really didn't describe all of Ontario, just part of it or some of the people.  Ontario is very multicultural.  People cone from all over Canada and all over the world and make Ontario their home.  Some of us have always been from here.  So I think this is the best way to represent everyone and remind people that Ontario is our home but so is the whole world so we have to look after all of it.

The sun

1. Before the telescope astronomers used several instruments; the astrolabe, the nocturnal, the armillary sphere, the cross staff, the quadrant and the dioptra.
2. Refracting telescopes refract or bend light.  Reflecting telescopes uses mirrors to reflect light.
3. Nuclear reactions are constantly occurring on the sun.
4. The sun can continue to supply us with energy for another 500,000 years.  When you consider how old the earth is, that's not very long.
5.  The sun can reach temperatures of 15 million °C.
6.  Solar Wind
Solar wind is a stream of charged particles that are released from the upper atmosphere of the sun.  The solar wind flows outward supersonically.  The speed of the solar wind varies but can reach up to one million miles per hour.  The solar wind played an important role in how our solar system came to be.  After our sun was born it collected dust and gas around it, growing.  Eventually the sun ignited forming our sun.  Other smaller clumps of dust and gas became planets, moons, comets and asteoids of our solar system.  When the solar winds started to blow they bkew the remaining dust and gas out of our solar system (so no additional planets and stuff).  The solar winds create a bubble called the heliosphere, this defines the edges of oyrbsolar system.

Solar wind is mostly made up if the electricity conducting particles called plasma ions.  These particles would wreck havoc with our electronics here on earth but our magnetosphere protects us.  Some times however a bit of solar wind gets through and do make some electronics not work.  The solar winds also carry radiation (UV radiation).  Again we are mostly protected on earth.  Our ozone layer helps protect us from this.  We can "see" solar wind as they react with the ions in our magnetosphere.

This reaction is called the Aurorae.  There are two Aurorae.  The one we see in Canada is called the Aurora Borealis (because it is best seen where the great boreal Forrest is & anywhere north of that) as the solar winds bounce off the magnetic field at the north pole.  The same thing happens at the south pole.  The solar winds actually bounce off our entire magnetosphere but since it is strongest at the poles, this is where we see them.

Planets

1.  The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars

2.  The outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune & (demoted) Pluto.

3.

4.  An astroid is a small rocky object orbiting the sun.

5. Pluto is a dwarf planet.  I think this still makes it a planet as it isn't an astroid, comet or moon. It has a core, Mantle and crust.  It rotates while making revolutions around the sun.  I think we should include all the dwarf planets, they might help us understand the solar system better.

6.  The Perseid Meteor Shower - Your Summer Viewing Guide.

•The Perseid meteor shower can be seen on summer nights in the northern hemisphere, every year.

•A meteor shower happens when a comet comes too close to the sun and produces debris (meteorites).
 •These spread around the comets orbit. Whenever the comets orbit coincides with earth's we see a meteor shower.

•During the peak of the Perseid shower you may see as many as 60 meteors per hour.

•It is best observed on a clear night away from city lights. Even better if you have a telescope, but not necessary.  You can also go to a local observatory

Astronomy kq16

1. Astronomy is the study of everything beyond the earth, of the universe.

2. Revolution is making a complete circle around the sun.  Rotation is the earth spinning on its axis.

3.  Big dipper, little dipper, orion.

4.  The northern hemisphere is colder in the winter because it is tilted away from the sun, giving us less sunlight.

Lightning

1/    Grounding is when you remove the excess charge on an object by  the transfer of electrons between it and another object of substantial size, like the earth. 

2/ Induction charging is a method used to charge an object without actually touching the object to any other charged object

3/Heavier, negatively charged particles sink to the bottom of the cloud. When the positive and negative charges grow large enough, a giant spark - lightning -occurs between the two charges within the cloud. This is like a static electricity sparks you see, but much bigger.

4/

Mining in Sudbury

A/  Mining in Sudbury has changed the weather, destroyed vegetation, stained rocks and polluted the water.

B/  the superstack is a giant chimney (2nd tallest in the world) on top of the Sudbury nucle smelting operation (largest nickel smelt in the world).   The superstack has improved the ecological damage in Sudbury by placing the pollution so high in the air.  Thus hasn't gotten rid of or reduced the pollution, just spread it over a wider area.

C/ Human activity has fine a lot if damage to Sudbury such as: deforestation,an inevitable near-total loss of native vegetation,exposed rocky outcrops, which have been permanently stained charcoal black, first by the pollution wafting over the decades from the roasting yards then by the acid rain that goes 3 inches into the once pink granite.

D/  NASA sent astronauts to train in Sudbury because of geology (not moonscape). approximately 1.87 billion years ago, a cataclysmic event occurred in the Sudbury area.

A gigantic meteorite travelling at around Mach 100, slammed into the Earth with the impact force equivalent to several billion tons of TNT.

D/ Human activity has never improved the environment.  

E/ Other species use only resources necessary and sustainable within the area they live.  Humans (because of capitalism) now use excessive resources to have unnedded luxuries, through extraction, and consumption.  Before capitalism humans didn't do this.  

Other species don't use fossil fuels, natural gases, minerals or gem stones.  They harvest/ hunt just what is needed and what us supplied on the top of the earth.  

Humans have destroyed 60% more plant and animal species and land then all other species and geological events of the earths history combined

Humans go about taking and changing the earth without ever worrying about what it will mean.  Because of this we always see the damage when it's too late. 

Electrical charges

1/ Two kinds of electrical charges are negative charges and positive charges

2/ The law of electrical charges: like charges repel one another, unlike charges attract one another, charged objects attract neutral objects.

3/ Electrostatics refers to electric charges that are stationary or at rest.  Friction causes electrons to get knocked off one material and transferred to the other material.  Because one object now has less electrons then protons, it is negatively charged.  Contact charges involves a charged object making direct contact  with a neutral object.  If the neutral object is negative, electrons can flow into the neutral object, the neutral object becomes negatively charged

4/ Conductors, such as  metals are substances that allow charges to move freely through the object.  Conductors allow electrical charge.  Insulators such as Mon metals are substances that do not allow charged to move freely through the object.  Insulators can protect people from being electrocuted.

War Crimes

I believe Hitler and the Nazi Germany succeed in committing genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity because the westernized world was racist.  Hitler's ideas about minorities and Jews were not a secret (even through concentration camps were).  Everyone knew when he was elected that he wanted a racially pure Germany, and that he blamed Jews the most.  The Problem was most other upper class / midread
class citizens in Europe and America felt the same way. PM King knew Hitler was persecuting Jews, and others but still decided to keep Jewish refugees to a minimum (pre war).  He didn't want to "create an internal problem in an effort to meet an international one".   No one cared about stopping Hitler till he invaded France, till they were worried he would do the same to them.  The only way to protect a people from genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity is to protect everyone from it.  If one loses their freedom, we all risk losing our freedom.

Something positive I read

1. Hitler and his wife committed suicide
2. After ww2 people started to realize racism was wrong
3. The end of ww2 brought about the concept of human Rights

Something negative I read

1. Canada's pm knew how Hitler felt about Jews, Slavs & Roma's and did nothing
2. Canada kept Jewish refugees to a minimum
3. The whole world didn't seem to care till it was to late
4. My history book doesn't consider thousands of Roma deaths genocide.  
5. Crystal night
6. Germans liked Hitler

Something interesting I read. 

1. Hitler was elected and then became a dictator

Dionne Quintuplets

A) the birth of the Dionne Quintuplets was a huge sensation because they were the first Quints to live longer then a few days.  Also they were born during the depression and people wanted entertainment

B) The Dionne Quints were for sure exploited. They were stared at and watched for public entertainment the way people watch animals at a zoo.  That's not normal. I think anyone held for public entertainment like a zoo animal, kept away from their family, would suffer personal damage.   And the money the government made from it didn't go to the Quints till they were old and fought for it and that was only a settlement.

C) I believe the decision was bigoted and classist because the Dionne's were a  poor French Canadian family in Northern Ontario.  They were stolen from their family   The government said their family couldn't look after them but were fine letting them raise their other children. They were put on display like animals.  They were used for commercials and none of this was for the benefit of the Quints or the Dionne's, it only benefit the Ontario government and the Doctor.

D)http://www.northbaychamber.com/dionne.htm  there is nothing here.

Dr Banting

Dr Banting discovered insulin. This discovery lead to a better understanding of diabetes and treatment.  He discovered insulin by reading an article on diabetes that inspired him and have him an idea.  With the help of a few partners and an under funded lab Banting idea lead to the full discovery of insulin and the treatment saved lives.  Before Banting's insulin people with diabetes died young, went blind and lost limbs.  With all the millions of people who have diabetes today, Banting is still saving lives.

D-day to V day

Something positive I read

1. A pastor was taken as a pow because he choose to be with the men who needed him most.  
2. In Denmark most Jews survived
3. The people of Denmark saved most of the Jews in thier country
4. In one camp the prisoners destroyed one if the gas chambers. 
5. A woman named Irene Vivash stated behind to finish records of dead and Mia so the families back home would have am answer.  
6. Woman like Irene Vivash did their jobs without protection. While that's negative, it's a positive that they were so brave.  
7. First atomic bomb happened. 
8. After doing something so horrible once (atomic bomb) they did it a second time.  
9. It was the Italian people who got rid of their fascist government. 

Something negative I read

1. Ally forces bombed civilian areas
2. Lots of people didn't help the Jews because they were afraid. 
3. I didn't read much about the Roma & Slav's because history just didn't seem interested in mentioning them.  Some but I wish there was more.
4. In the concentration camps people died faster then they could be burried.  
5. Slavs and Roma were used as slave labour.
6. The US didn't join the war till December 1941. 
7. Germany launched a new attack on the USSR for oil.  Is ouk always a part of war?  
8. Canada's "innovative" way of winning in Italy destroyed peoples homes. 

Something interesting I read

1. Journalists were right on the front lines during the war (in danger also)
2. Women flew planes. They were supply, not combat but still dangerous
3. Winter in the USSR defeated the German armies there. 
4. The Ally soldiers didn't know about the concentration camps beyond a few rumours. 
5. Northern Africa was invaded also.  I didn't know that.  
6. While the main ally forces took over Germany, Canada was in charge of freeing the Netherlands. 
7. They practiced the second attempbyobtake Dieppe.  How and where?  
8. The USSR wasn't originally an Ally Nation.  
9. Sweden was neutral.  How did they manage that?  What did they have to do for that? 
10. There was official war artists

Dieppe

France was occupied by Germany during WW2.  France was an Ally Nation and the other Allies very much wanted to free the French, plus it would be a great first step in defeating Germany.  The first time the attempted to invade Dieppe the Ally forces were unprepared.  The plan was to mostly send in the Canadians.  The Canadians were eager to do this as they hadn't seen combat yet.  This was a poor choice because they were not experienced fighters.  Canada lead the Allies into Dieppe August 1942.  Those who survived had fully retreated days later  It was a disaster.  Men were gunned down just getting off the boats.  The tanks were stuck on the beach.   Of the 6103 soldiers, 4963 were Canadian.  907 Canadians died, 586 were wounded & 1874 taken prisoner.  The second time the Allies invaded in June 1944 they were prepared.  They had learned valuable but costly lessons the first time.  This time they kept it secret so that Germany didn't know it was happening.  They used multiple attacks by Canadians, Americans and British.  They practiced the invasion in detail so everyone knew ecactltvwhat to do.  Many lives were lost including 359 Canadians who died, 715 wounded.   I believe the lives lost was worth it.  France was free, and the Ally forces went on to free the rest of Europe and defeat Germany.  Had that not hapoenedd who knows what world we would live in today.

Nutrient cycle

The nutrient cycle us important to help things by recycling nutrients for other living things to grow.

Decomposers get their energy by digesting wastes such as urube and the bodies of dead plants and animals

Nitrogen, water & iron are nutrients that are cyckee and used by living things

When consumers and producers die, decomposers return nutrients to the environment

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration play an important part in cycling matter like carbon and oxygen

Organisms release carbon into the environment during cellular respiration

Human activity like burning fossil fuels and clearing trees from land contribute to global warming

Algal bloom is caused by too much of a nutrient, like nitrogen, entering the aquatic environment

Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Photosynthesis: light energy + carbon dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen
Cellular respiration: glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water vapour + usable energy.

Removing all decomposers from an ecosystem would stop part of the cycle (returning nutrients) which would effect the rest of the cycle (lack of nutrients), eventually ending it.

WW 2 poster - Victory Bonds

Victory bonds were a very successful method of funding the war.  After the great success of the first two rounds selling out in 48 hours the government ran Victory Bind campaigns every 6 months. Canadians Boughy these to fund the war and keep inflation down by removing money from circulation. At the end of the bonds term you got more money back then you spent. Bug ad campaigns ley Canadians know when another victory bond sale was coming.

Abiotic and biotic

Desert.

Abiotic:

Rocks, Soil, Sun ayte abiotic because they don't grow, breathe (even the way plants do) or react.  

Biotic: 

Hawk, scorpion and cactus are biotic.  They live, breathe, grow, think and feel (except maybe plants).  

Abiotic-biotic relationship:

1/ scorpions sit in the rocks to warm up from the sun.  They all so crawl under the rocks for shade when the sun is to hot

2/ the sun and soil help the cactus grow.  And the cactus stores the rain because there isn't a lot of rain.  

Human impacts:

1/ Humans go around digging up fossil fuels like oil.  This causes air pollution effextung everything and its dangerous for animals living near the oil wells.  

2/ off roading (like 4wheelers) is popular in the desert.  This has a great impact on desert plants which are easily effected to changes in their environment. 

Terrestrial:

The desert is terrestrial because it is land based and has very little water or even rain.

Japanese Internment Camps

Journal:
My brother Jimmy and I have been "invited" to theiskanagan Valley where we would stay temporarily.  The government is calling
them "relocation centers"  but my brother and and I have an idea of what these "relocation centers" are really about.  I think most Canadian born Japanese do, but people are afraid to talk against the government.  Jimmy thinks that we'll be sent to camps similar to the ones Hitler is sending Jews too.  And I believe he us right.  I font think they will starve and torture us, but we will be prisoners.  With all the anti-Japanese marches, Jimmy and I feared that if we didn't voluntarily go, that we would be forced to leave anyway.  So we packed some things and took a train through the mountains to the Okanogan valley.  Once we arrived Jimmy, myself and other Japanese Canadians were taken hostage.  Jimmy and I knew what was happening.  Before we knew it we got sent to concentration camps like we feared along with many others.  We are making sure to stick together.

We are living in over crowded army tents.  There are just men here. We do labour. Lot harder then running the restaurant back home in Vancouver.  Hours are longer too.  No families here so I hope families like my sister's are not in tents.   I hope what they have is more decent.  We are fed rations. I am neither starving nor full.  Again I hope it it is better wherever they sent families.  I can't imagine my poor sister dealing with two small children being fed rations.

I don't know what happens when the war is over. They took our homes, our restaurant and our bank account.  It was a small home and savings but it was enough I was planning to get married.  Now I don't even know where she is or how I'll provide for her when this is over. My family has been here for 3 generations.  Longer then many of these white Canadians and now my dreams and life are gone in a flash. This war is about protecting people from racism and yet they are commuting it on Canadians.  I would have fought beside them, but I wasn't Canadian enough to them.

Laura Newton - Special Jr Citizen.

Laura participated in her community from a young age and still does.

1. Annual Dylan Carr Memorial Citizenship Aware.  A bursary in her cousins memory to help subsidize an annual donation of $200 to a student (per year) with an outstanding commitment to volunteer work within the school community
2. Design and fundraise programs for disabled children. 
3. Going to the special needs teacher and volunteering to help work with dusavked stydents
4. Gather groups of students to be involved with disabled students; reading to them, feeding then and socializing with them just as Laura did
5. Volunteering with salvation Army, easter seals and world vision 

I designed this slogan for Laura cuz whatbsge did seemed to be small (Luke a cabdke flame) but it still burns and it changes peoples lives. She vrungw hioe and candles are a symbol of hope.  

The work I do with my mom doesn't bring the daily changes Laura's does (and I don't do as much as her), but I hope it will bring long term changes.

War Criminals In Canada

Most of the war criminals from world war 2 aren't alive today because WW2 happened 70 years ago making the youngest war criminals 88 years old.  But I think Canada should have had a government department focused on finding and tracking down all war criminals within Canada or whoever came to Canada and then sending them to be tried for their war crimes.  They could have had this department interview all survivors of ww2 to help with finding war criminals and exposing what they did to the public.  This would have sent a strong message to future war criminals of other wars and it could continue now to do the same to them.  Also it could help prevent and charge any Canadian soldiers communing war crimes against victims of war and against Women soldiers because this happens to and they get away with it.  If Canada had a department and a history of publicly embarrassing and charging all war criminals (even Canadian ones) it could help stop this from happening every time there is a war and show the world Canada doesn't stand for this.  Canada could start doing this now even though it should have happened after ww2.

Key question 20

My mom is Lakota and Cajun.  She was forcibly brought to Canada through a Canadian and United States policy of cultural genocide (united nations convention against genocide article 2e) with the purpose of assimilating Native children by putting them in foster and adoptive homes.  When a family was very large or traditional the two governments would flip the babies and children over the boarder to further remove them from their culture and families and make it harder to go back.  If they did this when the baby was first born (like my mom) this would cut off either governments responsibility to the baby by taking them before their birth was registered and so not registered to receive status (Canada) or CDIB (USA).  The policy to do this ended in 1979 in the US and 1985 in Canada however the family law act has provisions that make sure it continues.  60-90% of FN children are still "scooped" today.  In Kingston thus number is 70%.  My family is in Canada due to the genocidal acts of both governments.  The social workers, lawyers and policy makers in Canada and the US should be charged for war crimes.

My dads family is Algonquin.  But like most Algonquins living in Kingston's north end, in the neighborhood right around Regi they have no ties to the Sharbot or Ardoch Algonquins.  That is because they were always in this neighborhood.  They have been written out of history and out of their nation by the government to protect the first capital.  There is one line in the city's history mentioning the Indians north of North street.  My mom and I are working with a professor and some other people to further uncover this history and get me and all my cousins to be recognized like we deserve.

Causes and impacts of the great depression

Causes of the depression and why

• Over production.  Following the roaring 20's where people were buying mass amounts if material items companies produced more then was needed, people stopped buying things (or bought less) and companies had to close. 
• Inflation.  Prices kept rising but wages didn't keep up with the cost of living so people stopped buying. 
• Credit: people were buying on credit and later couldn't keep up and buying stock on margin.  Lots of 10% down, pay rest later.  It made a bubble economy.  
• Stock market closed.  The price of stocks declined and many investors lost money, sometimes all their money.  
• Drought.  The prairies experienced a 6 year drought, crops failed, they couldn't pay bills and many farmers lost their farms.  

Impacts 

• Young people.  There wasn't any jobs left for them. Thousands ride freight trains west looking for work that didn't exist but they knew their families couldn't afford for them to stay home.
• Families didn't have the money to pay rent of homes, food, clothes and bills.  Manybof them were sent to relief camps and children were often orphaned. Meanwhile the declining standard of living made life easier for the wealthy (unless they lost their company).
• Workforce.  With men losing jobs the workforce declined greatly.  Also many started unions to protect their jobs, declining wages and fought for social assistance.  30% of the workforce was unemployed 
• Immigrant groups.  Immigration dropped while deportation rose.  Jews and Roma were fleeing Nazi Germany and many were denied immigration to Canada.  A lot of people blamed immigrants and wouldn't hire them.  
• Single Men & Women.  Single men were denied assistance and forced to relief camps were they worked for 20cents a day.  This lead to the Regina Riot.  Single women were laid off in greater numbers then men, particularly from government jobs.  Thus forced many single women back into domestic service. 
• Farmers. Many farmers lost their farms and had to move to the city, where the workforce was already in stress (no jobs).  Farmers also fought for government relief and subsidized crops and insurance. 

Post war - car poster 1920

I choose the Maxwell.  It was geared to the average buyer while many focused on bring luxury vehicles for the upper classes

Bennett vs King

Bennett:

• Worked in provincial politics before federal
• Was prime minister for 1 term
• Conservative
• Opposed socialism
• Pro conscription 
• Didn't care about opposition
• Jailed opponents
• Died and us buried in England (only Canadian pm buried outside of Canada)
• Hated by citizens

King

• Had several degrees and PHd. 
• Prime minister for several terms
• Liberal
• Pro socialism
• Against conscription
• Worked to make everyone happy
• Died and buried in Canada
• Liked by citizens

Canadian Women during WW2

During WW2 the majority of working me. Were in the war so women needed to full many of the jobs the men had been doing.

1. Childcare.  With so many women working outside the home, working Mons needed childcare.
2.  Military nurses
3. Royal Canadian Air Force, Women's division.

4. Canadian Women's Army Corp

5.  Canadian Red Cross.  Many women made bandages for prisions of war.  This helped then feel like they were helping men like their husbands.  

6.  Factory workers especially in munitions (weaopns) work.  In the states this was called Rosie the Riviter

7-10 and other regular jobs men had been doing such as drivers, cooks, and stenographers (a type of record taking like court reporters).  

Civics volunteers poster

A lot of people are homeless and suffering for many reasons that communities, people and government can fix.  Its not something they can do by themselves because their lives have made them become hopeless.  We can volunteer in programs, go to college to get a job where we can create programs to help them.  We can also protest (or if we are rich we can lobby) so that the government knows we care about them and we want funding to help them get better, have hope, food, clothes, doctors and homes and people that care about them.

Civics #2 poster

This is about missing and murdered Indigenous Women.  I used a picture from the red dress project and added words to it to create a poster.  The poster calls all women to stand together against this problem and get the government to have an inquiry and then to do what the inquiry says.

Science life cycles

Q7
1. Rabbit dies of old age
1/ decomposers break down dead rabbit
3. Plants use nutrients from dead rabbit to grow
4. A mouse eats some of the plants

2.

Sun feeds the plants.  Rhino, grasshopper, mouse and antelope eat the plants. Fiskal shrike eats plant seeds and grasshoppers.  Skunk eats fiscal.  Leopard eats antelope.  Vulture eats carrion (dead animals).  Maggots eat decomposing animals.  

3. Plants change the suns energy into stored chemical energy and produces oxygen.

4. An animal that eats the same food as rabbits has a small population.  That leaves more food for rabbits.  Rabbit population grows.  That makes more food for wolves.  Wolf population grows.  

Art Lenormand Deck

A Lenormand deck is like a tarot deck but a little different.  It has 36 cards (sometimes extra) and the cards have the same numbers, names and meanings in all decks.  Only the artwork changes and sometimes small things are added to the meaning.  My mom is helping me make one that will be printed when finished.  We might have even be able to sell some.   We decided to do a First Nations Lenormand deck because we are Lakota and because there isn't one.  I help my mom come up with the ideas, and then I have to  design them.   She is teaching me how to draw them and it takes lots of practice and sometimes help.  I coloured them.  I also have to type out all their meanings later.  Our deck has 2 extra people cards.  Our extra people cards are gender neutral so that 2 spirited people can get a reading also.  My mom suggested this to help me because my step dad is dying and it is really hard to deal with that.  Plus I am learning something my mom and sister are really good at so I can be one day too.